John Beckett s The Glorious Revolution - 971 Words

John Beckett mentions that â€Å"the Glorious Revolution† has been considered a historical event related to the political issues. The main target of this historical event was to create a commercial freedom in Europe. After this revolution was done, trade relations in Europe went up, and the Bill of Rights was also created in 1689. Today, the Bill of Rights is shown and knowns that it was the first building stone for â€Å"the British constitution† because it limited the monarchic power. During the eighteenth century, the period of the Age of Enlightenment is considered â€Å"from 1713 to 1789† because Anthony Pagden states that Europe was like â€Å"a republic of states,† and it was like a union acting together and talking with one voice. The Age of Enlightenment was totally an act of improvement in trade, preventing and thwarting religion related wars, and monarchic rules. E. P. Thompson mentions that â€Å"the first industrial revolution† occu rred in England, and he mentions that there were not many modern things, but there was only a clock making industry. The discoveries of new places, peoples and things also brought the Agricultural revolution, financial improvement, and the Enlightenment and the Scientific progress, and all of these new findings and innovations triggered to form the Industrial Revolution in England. Hence, the Glorious Revolution, the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution should be considered as the first historical roots of the European Union because these

Analysis of The One Minute Manager by Kenneth Blanchard...

Analysis of The One Minute Manager by Kenneth Blanchard and Spencher Johnson The One Minute Manager by Kenneth Blanchard, Ph.D. and Spencer Johnson, M.D., seems like a practical simple plan on managing people and there for other areas of one’s life, however I must admit I am a little skeptical. The three philosophies do make sense especially once analogies are used to put them into more simple terms. Being in the work force for more than fourteen years I have witnessed many types of mangers. I have worked for hostile managers, calm caring managers and managers who fit somewhere in between. My skepticism with this theory is simply applying its use. On paper this method sounds great and makes a lot of key points, but again after†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"One Minute Praising† is a pleasant philosophy. As a manager tell the employee up front that they will receive updates on their performance. Give your employee praising every time he or she does some thing right to point them in the direction of the ultimate goal. Specify what they did right and how it made you feel. A moment of silence should then be kept to give off your good feeling. This concept teaches the employee how to praise him or herself. The praising is followed up by a handshake or physical gesture to show you support their success. I agree the more you praise the individual the closer they are to praising themselves. When people feel good about themselves and the work they perform, it makes them want to do better. I could be categorized as one of those people. My performance reviews have always been happy times for me. After going over my review, I find myself on a high for weeks. My boss will then critique me on something that was not done right and I go into â€Å"I don’t care† mode. I get defensive and my attitude reflects in my work. It takes longer for me to accomplish that task and I do not put as much effort into it as when I am feeling good. Giving praise gets people in the routine of praising themselves. I have a habit of patting myself on the back when I feel I have done a good job or figured out a solution to a problem that

Australian Dairy Industry Supply Chain †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Australian Dairy Industry Supply Chain. Answer: Introduction Australia ranks third in the world for dairy production. They earn a farmgate value of $A 3.7 million as they export fifty percent of their dairy products. The country boasts of up to 1.6 million dairy cattle in about 7500 dairy ranches countrywide. The average dairy herd rates up to 220 per pack which sees about 9000 million liters of milk produced on average. Only twenty percent of the produce is drunk as fresh milk, and the rest is manufactured into dairy products like yogurt, cheese among others. While most of the production happens in the southeast region owing to the temperate climate, all states have dairy farms adjacent to towns and city to which the supply dairy produce (Barkema et al., 2015). About the industry The dairy in Australia produces for two markets, which are the domestic, and the international market. In average, 55% of the dairy products in Australia is exported which accounts for 16% of the world dairy global market (Westhoek et al.,2011). The dairy market categorizes into the milk market and the manufacturing market. Though the market milk accounts to 17% of the total milk production, it is the largest domestic food supply providing for up to 40% of the local food market. Cooperatives are dominant in the dairy market with them accounting for 78% of market milk. The main players were: national foods, Parmalat Corporation, and Dairy foods. On the other and the domestic supply, three players dominate chain; supermarkets, the route trade, and the food service chains. Most dominant being the supermarkets and the least is the food service chains which consist of caterers, restaurants, and fast food outlets. The route trade includes convenience stores and small stores which together account for the second sector in the domestic market. These three suppliers are quickly scaling upwards in the local dairy market supply chain (Beggs et al., 2015). Challenges and opportunities The Dairy in Australia has seen a twenty-year low in the production following different factors in the market. Low dairy produces by the past two decades, internal challenges in the largest dairy cooperative and the fluctuation of dairy milk prices to better align with the international price standards (Bjorkhaug et al.,2014). Following these strains, the industry has witnessed the decline in general produce. SWOT analysis Strengths- stability in the export market and the efficiency in production of dairy produce Opportunities- arise in the demand for dairy products in the Asian market, risk management of produce, efficient running of the dairy market Weakness- unpredictability in climatic conditions; purchasing and selling of retail and wholesale products; uncertainty policies and regulations Threats- climatic canes, competitive market; protectionism; input prices Challenges The fluctuation of market prices as seen the effect trickle down the supply chain including the production, processing, export, and manufacturing, retail sectors. These all form the supply chain in the dairy industry. Other factors like changes in the climatic conditions countrywide as seen the country suffer low milk production as the most hit are the temperate region of the country. The urbanization factor also weighs into the scheme of challenges facing the industry seeing as the emissions are polluting the environment. In light of these factors, the adaptation and restructuring of the production stage in the dairy industry are emerging as a challenge to investors (Byrne et al., 2016). The Dairy in recent times has seen regulation in prices, which have set the whole supply chain in the wind. Seeing as the previous market price setters, Murray Goulburn, is currently not leading in price discovery, and benchmarking in the southern region (Featherstone, 2014). The processor, following a contraction in milk supply, has denied it this capacity. In the country the fluctuations in the pricing of milk products has led to the farmers breaking loyalty with the various mill processors as they operate in a more commercial based market for their milk. Opportunities The major opportunities for the dairy industry lie in production factors and the rise in demand for dairy products in the international market. Due to uncertainty in the climatic conditions worldwide, various food-producing systems have found the need to adapt to remain effective in the market. These are majorly dependent on the climate for their production. Australia's key dairy producer, Victoria, has been especially hit by recent rainfall scarcity in the country (Bjornlud et al.,2010). This only emphasizes the need for the dairy producers to start adopting criteria of production that are independent of the climatic conditions in the region. Due to the decrease in milk production and increase in the demand for milk has risen both in the domestic as well as the international markets. The local market has witnessed an increase in consumption of dairy milk to up to nine percent which is a significant shift owing that this is a mature sector. Australians have also changed from the unbranded milk sold in the supermarkets in preference for the branded milk (BEVERLAN, 2010). This response in milk consumption domestically, as favored the dairy industry locally and seen its steady rise over the past twelve months. Recommendations The supply chain as a whole has seen prospects of change as the farmers and the investors alike try to adopt new criteria for production to fill the demand that is arisen in both the domestic as well as the international markets. The demand in the market, however, cannot be met if the supply chain is not properly coordinated. With the major player who is the benchmark in setting the dairy product prices in a hitch, the prices are now determined by the farmer who can control the prices according to their needs. This, however, cannot be beneficial to the chain in general since the prices are not standardized countrywide. The need for cooperatives to re-enter the chain is imperative if the prices are to stabilize. The implementation of the supply chain coordination theory, where all parts share information, materials and financial resources. This coordination will allow benefits to trickle down the supply chain right down to the producer (Stadtler et al.,2015). Conclusion The dairy industry has prospects of growth shortly with the demand for dairy products increased by the day. The production sector, however, needs restructuring in both market orientation and pricing. This way it will allow it to have the market prosperity of the dairy products in the international as well as the local market. This criterion employed will allow it to stabilize the pricing of dairy products and enhance production capacity. References Barkema, H. W., Von Keyserlingk, M. A. G., Kastelic, J. P., Lam, T. J. G. M., Luby, C., Roy, J. P., ... Kelton, D. F. (2015). Invited review: Changes in the dairy industry affecting dairy cattle health and welfare.Journal of dairy science,98(11), 7426-7445. Beggs, D. S., Fisher, A. D., Jongman, E. C., Hemsworth, P. H. (2015). A survey of Australian dairy farmers to investigate animal welfare risks associated with increasing scale of BEVERLAND, M.B., 2010. Can cooperatives build and sustain brands?.Lindgreen, A. et al, pp.137-152. BEVERLAND, M.B., 2010. Can cooperatives build and sustain brands?.Lindgren, A. et al, pp.137-152. Bjornlund, H. and Rossini, P.A., 2010. Climate change, water scarcity and water markets-implications for farmer's wealth and farm succession. production.Journal of dairy science,98(8), 5330-5338 BJRKHAUG, H. and RNNINGEN, K., 2014. Crisis? What Crisis? Marginal Farming, Rural Communities and Climate Robustness: The Case of Northern Norway.International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture Food,21(1). Byrne, T. J., Santos, B. F. S., Amer, P. R., Martin-Collado, D., Pryce, J. E., Axford, M. (2016). New breeding objectives and selection indices for the Australian dairy industry.Journal of dairy science,99(10), 8146-8167 Featherstone, T., 2014. QA with Philip Tracey.Company Director,30(5), p.17 Gereffi, G. and Christian, M.M., 2010. Trade, transnational corporations and food consumption: Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. In Supply chain management and advanced planning (pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.A global value chain approach. Westhoek, H., Rood, T., van den Berg, M., Janse, J., Nijdam, D., Reudink, M., Stehfest, E., Lesschen, J.P., Oenema, O. and Woltjer, G.B., 2011.The protein puzzle: the consumption and production of meat, dairy, and fish in the European Union(No. 500166001). Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.

Tensile Test Lab Report Essay Example

Tensile Test Lab Report Paper Introduction The construction materials course is an essential part of civil engineering as the strength of all structures and constructions depends on the material used. The tension test is one of the laboratories which help students develop their knowledge in this course by practice. During the laboratory a Tinnitus Olsen Tension Test equipment was used, and the test samples were from low and high carbon steel and timber with grains parallel and perpendicular to the load. Test equipment and materials The test equipment used during the laboratory is one of the Penchant Materials Testing Machines made by Tinnitus Olsen. This machine can test different types of materials and it is provided with software which gives the opportunity to users to fully control the system. Machine two different types of attachments: the first is to fix the metal samples, and second is to hold timber samples. The rate of loading can be controlled by the software. Brief comments on differences and similarities in each property for the set of materials From the tables above it can be seen that: * Low-carbon steel has the largest load and stress at elastic limit among all materials * High-carbon steel has the largest maximum load and stress among all materials * High-carbon steel has the largest failure load and nominal failure stress among all materials * Low-carbon steel has the largest true failure load among all materials * All properties is larger for timber with grains parallel to the grain rather than for timber with perpendicular to the grain Graphs We will write a custom essay sample on Tensile Test Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tensile Test Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tensile Test Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Stress-strain or load-extension graphs have a different form depending on the structure of material and of these graphs can be divided to two different regions: elastic deformation and plastic. Elastic deformation occurs in the region where the curve behaves linearly and after the removing the load material will return to its initial shape. When the elasticity ends the plastic region begins. In plastic region strain can increase significantly whereas stress increases with smaller increment. If the unloading happens the curve will fall parallel to the elastic region. The Stress-Strain graphs have the same shape as Load-Extension graphs. To prove that the stress-strain curves were sketched for three different types of metal: low-carbon steel, high-carbon steel and aluminum. The data used during plotting the stress-strain graphs is represented in Appendix. The graphs for low- carbon (0. 15%) steel (See Figure 1 2). Figure 2. The stress-strain graph for low-carbon steel It can be seen from the graphs that at the beginning the curve behaves linearly until it reaches approximately 14. Non (See Figure 1). Therefore, this section of the graph can be called the elastic region. Then the plastic region begins, and the curve reaches its maximum point at 15. Ink. After that the load decreases gradually for the bigger increment of extension until the break occurs (at 10. Non). The graphs for High-carbon (0. 4%) steel. Figure 4. The Stress-Strain Graph for High-carbon steel The graph for high-carbon steel is similar to the graph for the low-carbon steel. However, the maximum stress in the graph for high-carbon steel is more by non, and equal to the 19. Non. Also it can be seen that the length of high-carbon steel before the failure is less than for low-carbon steel. The elastic region continues until it reaches 12. Ink, and the plastic region ends when specimen breaks at 16. Ink. The graphs for Aluminum. Figure 6. The Stress-Strain Graph for Aluminum The shape of the curve in the graph is similar to the graphs for the steel. However, it can be noticed that the maximum load for aluminum is much less than for steel. Consequently, the load at elastic limit and fail ure load are also small (5. Ink and 3. Ink respectively). The causes of difference of the graphs will be given in Discussion part. The Figures 7-10 illustrate the tension test for timber samples when the load was applied parallel to the grain. From these graphs it is easy to see that the elastic region is very small for timber. In contrast, the plastic deformation takes the bigger region for the large extension. In addition, the specimens break when the maximum load is applied, and it seems that the failure occurs several times. The cause of this behavior is that all grains do not break at one time. The Figures 11-12 show the load-extension graphs for specimens when the load was applied perpendicular to the grain. It can be seen that the failure occurs at small applied load with comparison to other materials. The elastic regions for these specimens are bigger than for samples parallel to the grain. The extension is very small. The calculation of the mean stress, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and characteristic value The mean stress is the arithmetical average of failure stresses: mom=on 7 Where o is the sum of the failure stresses for timber specimens when the load was applied parallel to the grain, and n is the number of specimens. Amp The standard deviation is the degree of spread about the mean stress and it can be calculated as: so=(o-mom)an (8) Where so is variation, s is the standard deviation and o is the failure stresses. Mama s=9. 44 Amp The coefficient of variation: c=somas 9 The calculated result for coefficient of variation (26. %) for this timber was accurate enough as the coefficient of variation for timber must vary from to 30%. The characteristic stress is: char=mom-KS 10 Where k is the standard deviation multiplication factor, and KS is the margin. There kiss equal to the 1. 64 (1 in 20 failure rate). Discussion Firstly, it was noticed that the properties vary depending on the amount of carbon added to the steel. Adding the carbon increases the strength of steel thereby it makes the steel become more brittle. Therefore, the strain for high- carbon steel is less than for low-carbon one, and the maximum stress of low- carbon steel is less than for high-carbon one. Also as the strain or both low and high carbon steel is more than 5% it can be said that they are ductile materials. Secondly, as the strain for the aluminum specimen is less than 1% it seems that it is brittle material. However, the graphs for brittle materials have a little plastic region or even do not have this region. But there is significant plastic region in the Figure 5. It can be predicted that the main causes of that are the defects in the aluminum specimen and the errors related to the equipment. Thirdly, unlike all other materials the graphs for the timber specimens have upturn before failure. The Figures 7-10 are for the same material as timber with grains parallel to the load; however, these graphs differ from each other. Because all specimens do not have the same structure of grains and have different dimensions, also they can have defects as timber is the natural material. Fourthly, the timber specimens with grains perpendicular to the load are the most brittle among other tested materials. As the grains are not connected strongly the failure load of the specimen is not large. Finally, all of the graphs do not show ideal expectations and the possible sources of error are that the specimens were to fixed properly before the test, the material have the defects (was not homogeneous), reduction of decimal points during calculations and errors of the equipment. Conclusion To sum up, the properties such as elastic limit stress, nominal and true failure stresses, etc. Ere obtained. The graphs of stress versus strain were plotted for each type of metals and the graphs of load versus extension were represented with comments for each specimen. The mean stress, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and characteristic stress were calculated for timber samples with grains parallel to the grain. Also the figures of materials after the allure were sketched. In conclusion, the low-carbon stress is more elastic, and the high-carbon stress is stronger. The timber with grains parallel to the load can hold more load than those with perpendicular.